![]() ![]() Pupil diameter change reflects the brain state and cognitive processing ( Beatty and Lucero-Wagoner, 2000 Eckstein et al., 2017 Laeng et al., 2012 Wilhelm and Wilhelm, 2003). This work shows that pupil dynamics are tightly coupled with different neuromodulatory centers in different trials, presenting a novel PCA-based decoding method to study the brain state-dependent pupil–fMRI relationship. Going beyond the typical rs-fMRI correlation analysis with pupil dynamics, we decomposed spatiotemporal patterns of rs-fMRI with principal component analysis (PCA) and characterized the cluster-specific pupil–fMRI relationships by optimizing the PCA component weighting via decoding methods. Here, we identified four clusters of trials with unique activity patterns related to pupil diameter changes in anesthetized rat brains. Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) has been used to identify global patterns of neuronal correlation with pupil diameter changes however, the linkage between distinct brain state-dependent activation patterns of neuromodulatory nuclei with pupil dynamics remains to be explored. Pupil diameter changes reflect brain state fluctuations driven by neuromodulatory systems. Pupil dynamics serve as a physiological indicator of cognitive processes and arousal states of the brain across a diverse range of behavioral experiments. ![]()
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